TP5000 Battery Charging Module Circuit Diagram With Wiring

Explore the TP5000 Battery Charging Module circuit diagrams, wiring details, and pinout specifications, and download datasheets for easy access.

1. Overview of the TP5000 Battery Charging Module

The TP5000 is a highly integrated chip capable of efficiently charging a single lithium-ion or LiFePO4 cell. Its switching-mode operation ensures minimal heat dissipation, making it suitable for portable applications. This IC supports multiple operating modes (trickle charge, constant current, and constant voltage) and includes comprehensive protection mechanisms for safe battery charging.

2. Features of the TP5000

The TP5000 offers a wide range of features that make it an excellent choice for battery charging solutions:
Wide Input Voltage Range: The IC operates between 4.5V and 9V, accommodating various power sources like USB, DC adapters, or solar panels.

Integrated Power MOSFET: Minimizes external components and improves efficiency by reducing heat generation.

Programmable Charge Current: Supports a wide range of charge currents from 0.1A to 2A, making it suitable for diverse battery capacities.

Battery Temperature Protection: Includes an NTC thermistor input to monitor and regulate battery temperature during charging.

Three-Stage Charging Algorithm:

Trickle Charging: Gently charges deeply discharged batteries.
Constant Current Mode: Charges the battery at a set current for faster charging.
Constant Voltage Mode: Ensures the battery is topped off safely without overcharging.
LED Indicators: Two LEDs indicate charging status (charging or fully charged).
Automatic Recharge: Automatically resumes charging if the battery voltage drops below a set threshold.
TP5000 Battery Charging Module Circuit Diagram With Wiring and pinout Connection

3. Circuit Diagram Explanation

The circuit diagram for the TP5000 module provides a clear picture of how the components are connected. Let’s break it down into its main sections:

3.1. Input Stage

VIN Pin: Connects to the input power source, such as a USB adapter or DC supply. The voltage range is 4.5V to 9V.
Input Capacitor (10µF): A 10µF tantalum capacitor filters input noise and ensures stable voltage for the IC.

3.2. Switching Components

Inductor (4.7µH): Connected between the LX pin and the battery’s positive terminal. This inductor is essential for the switching-mode operation of the TP5000, storing energy during the MOSFET on-state and releasing it during the off-state.
Schottky Diode (S495): This diode prevents current backflow, protecting the circuit during reverse polarity or power loss.

3.3. Current Sensing

Rs Resistor (0.067Ω): Sets the charge current. For example:
  • 0.067Ω: ~1.5A charge current.
  • 0.1Ω: ~1A charge current.
  • 0.2Ω: ~0.5A charge current.
  • The value of Rs is chosen based on the desired charge current using the formula:

3.4. Output Stage

Output Capacitors (10µF and 0.1µF):
The 10µF tantalum capacitor provides stability to the charging voltage.
The 0.1µF ceramic capacitor suppresses high-frequency noise.
BAT Pin: Connects to the battery's positive terminal, serving as the main output pin for charging.

3.5. LED Indicators

Red and Green LEDs:
Red LED: Lights up during charging.
Green LED: Lights up when charging is complete.
1kΩ Resistor: Acts as a current-limiting resistor for the LEDs, ensuring proper brightness and protecting the LEDs from overcurrent.

3.6. Battery Temperature Protection

TS Pin: Connects to an NTC thermistor that monitors the battery temperature. If the battery temperature exceeds a safe range, charging is paused to prevent damage.

3.7. GND and Control Pins

RTrick Pin: Configures the pre-charge current (10%-100% of the full charge current). This is useful for deeply discharged batteries.
CHRG and STDBY Pins: Drive the status LEDs.
VREG Pin: Stabilizes the internal voltage reference of the IC.

4. Component Selection

The performance and reliability of the circuit depend on the careful selection of components. Below is a list of recommended components with details:

TP5000 IC:
Package: QFN16 (4mm × 4mm).
Function: Main control IC for the charging process.

Inductor:
Value: 4.7µH.
Package: Compact for space-constrained designs.
Role: Smooth the current in the switching circuit.

Capacitors:
10µF Tantalum Capacitor: Filters low-frequency noise and stabilizes voltage.
0.1µF Ceramic Capacitor: Suppresses high-frequency noise.

Schottky Diode:
Model: S495.
Function: Prevents reverse current flow.

Resistors:
Rs (0.067Ω): Sets the charge current.
LED Limiting Resistor (1kΩ): Prevents excess current through LEDs.

LED Indicators:
Red and green common-anode LEDs indicate charging status.

Thermistor:
NTC thermistor monitors the battery's temperature for safe operation.

5. Operating Principles

The TP5000 follows a three-stage charging process:

Trickle Charge:
If the battery voltage is below 2.9V, the IC charges the battery at a reduced current to prevent damage.

Constant Current Mode:
Once the battery voltage exceeds 2.9V, the IC switches to constant current mode, supplying a higher current to charge the battery quickly.

Constant Voltage Mode:
As the battery approaches full charge, the IC reduces the current while maintaining a constant voltage (4.2V for Li-ion or 3.6V for LiFePO4).

6. Safety Features

The TP5000 includes multiple built-in protections to ensure safe and reliable operation:

Overcurrent Protection: Prevents damage to the circuit and battery in case of excessive current.
Overvoltage Protection: Stops charging if the input voltage exceeds 9V.
Undervoltage Lockout: Disables the IC when the input voltage drops below 4.5V.
Overtemperature Protection: Halts charging if the IC temperature exceeds safe limits.
Short Circuit Protection: Safeguards the IC and battery in case of accidental short circuits.
Reverse Polarity Protection: Prevents damage if the battery is connected backwards.

7. Applications of TP5000

The TP5000 is suitable for a wide range of applications, including:

Consumer Electronics:
Smartphones, tablets, MP3/MP4 players, and Bluetooth devices.

Portable Equipment:
Power banks, handheld tools, and medical devices.

Industrial Applications:
Miners, LED drivers, and other battery-powered industrial equipment.

8. Practical Design Considerations

PCB Design:
Place input and output capacitors close to the IC to minimize noise.
Use wide traces for high-current paths (VIN, LX, BAT) to reduce resistance and heat.

Thermal Management:
Ensure proper heat dissipation by using a PCB with good thermal conductivity.
Avoid placing heat-sensitive components near the IC.

Component Tolerances:
Select components with appropriate voltage and current ratings to ensure reliability.

9. Troubleshooting Tips

If the TP5000 circuit does not work as expected, consider the following:

No Charging:
Check the input voltage and ensure it is within the acceptable range (4.5V-9V).
Verify the polarity of the battery connection.

Overheating:
Ensure the inductor value matches the recommended range (2.2µH-10µH).
Use a heatsink or improve PCB thermal design.

Incorrect LED Behavior:
Confirm the LEDs and resistors are connected correctly.
Check the CHRG and STDBY pins for proper output.

10. Absolute Maximum Ratings

Adhering to the maximum ratings ensures safe operation:

VIN: Up to 10V.
BAT Voltage: -4.2V to 9V.
Operating Temperature: -40°C to +85°C.
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